Preliminary drawing for 'Mon livre d'heures', ca. 1918

The artistic and social significance of Frans Masereel is mainly situated during and between the two World Wars. Because of his consistent pacifism he stayed as a political refugee in neutral Geneva from 1914 to 1918. In his woodcuts, he commented on the war and increasingly worked with sharp lines and expressive black and white surfaces. In Mon livre d'heures, his first graphic novel from 1918-1919, he shows another, more optimistic side of himself. On the one hand, the 167 woodcuts hark back to an age-old technique and concept (the title refers to the late-medieval books of hours), but on the other hand, they are surprisingly modern because of their almost filmic dynamism. The story is brimming with vitality and the artist portrays himself as a bon vivant, a do-gooder, an idealist and anarchist. For Masereel it was probably a way of shaking off the oppressive war years. It fitted in perfectly with the cheerful, optimistic 1920s that lay ahead.